Meiji Restoration and Modernization of Japan

 In 1868 the Shogun came to an end. As such the return of power from the Shogunate to the Emperor in 1868 marked the Meiji Restoration.

The new government acted with remarkable speed and all class restrictions on professional employment were abolished in 1869. In 1871, even the lower section of a society (out caste groups like Eta) were given full legal equality.

credit: third party image reference

There was a re-organisation of the government following the Meiji Restoration. In 1868, the emperor shifted the capital from Kyoto to Yedo or modern Tokyo. He announced the Charter Oath of Five Articles to the nobles, the Daimyos, and the officials. This document outlined the fundamental principles guiding the government and also forming the basis of a strong centralized state.


 The administrative branch was divided into the Department of Shinto Worship, Finance, Military Affairs, Foreign Affairs, and the Local Government. A cabinet system of the government was established in 1885. Recruitment of civil servants was reorganized. Recruitment of civil servants was made through competitive examinations.

The Meiji era also initiated the industrial revolution in Japan. Sophisticated technology of the Western countries was imported in order to modernize the industry. However, the process of modernization was accelerated by Japan's highly disciplined and industrious man power, government help and courageous role played by the Zaibatsu, a financial group of entrepreneurs belonging to 20 ultras- rich families. The first railroad appeared in 1872 connecting the imperial capital Tokyo with Yokohama.

Japan established a stock exchange and a chamber of commerce for stimulating trade and commerce. National Credit Banks were established. The Central Bank of Japan introduced a uniform currency. A decimal system of currency named Yen became the national currency . Mines, paper mills, cotton mills, cement factories etc. were established. Thus, Japan emerged as a highly industrialized country by the end of the nineteenth century. Japan rise is an example for the third world countries that they can also be a developed and prosperous country in a short span.

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